THE IRISH TAXIDERMY INDUSTRY, 1800- 1940
ABSTRACT
The 19th century saw what could be described as a 'golden age' in the study of natural sciences. Complimented by the emergence of the modern museum and a revolution in methods of preservation, taxidermy became a sizeable industry which has remained unequalled since. Ireland was no exception to this trend and a main aim of this research project was to determine the scale of the industry on the island as a whole, as well as exploring its enduring legacy in Ireland to this day. There has been very little research into this topic and it was my main aim to discover and explore the work of some of the older firms especially- coming across names previously lost to history- as well as examining in detail the work of one of the better known taxidermy businesses in Ireland, Williams & Son of Dublin.
WORKS CITED
Books
Eastoe, J. (2012). The Art of Taxidermy. London: Pavillion Books
Foster, J. W. (ed.), (1997). Nature in Ireland: A Scientific & Cultural History. Dublin: Lilliput Press
Ledbetter, G. T. (2010) , Privilege & Poverty: The Life & Times of Artist & Naturalist Alexander Williams RHA. Cork: The Collins Press
McKee, M. (1983), James Sheals: Naturalist & Taxidermist. The Story of Victorian and Edwardian Taxidermy. Belfast: The Ulster Museum
Murphy, S. (2021), The First National Museum: Dublin’s Natural History Museum in the Mid- Nineteenth Century, Cork: University Press
Patten, C.J. (1906), The Aquatic Birds of Great Britain and Ireland, London: RH Porter
Praeger, R.L. (1949), Some Irish Naturalists. Dundalk: Dundalgan Press
* The edition of this text kept by the National Museum of Ireland Library contains a selection of handwritten notes at the end detailing briefly some more obscure figures. This is where I gained valuable information relating to former in-house taxidermists Robert Pride and J.N. Halbert.
Richardson, H.D (1846) Facts Concerning the natural history, &c, of the gigantic Irish deer, (cervus giganteus hibernicus), Dublin
Watters, J.J. (1853), The Natural History of the Birds of Ireland, Indigenous & Migratory, Dublin: J.McGlashan
Catalogues
Anonymous (1853), Official Catalogue of the Great Industrial Exhibition (in connection with the Royal Dublin Society), Dublin: John Falconer
Journal Articles
Adelman, J.(2005). ‘Evolution on Display: Promoting Irish Natural History and Darwinism at the Science & Art Museum, Dublin’, The British Journal for the History of Science, 38(4), pp 411-436
Adelman, J. (2010). ‘An insight into commercial natural history: Richard Glennon, William Hinchy and the nineteenth-century trade in giant Irish deer remains’, Archives of Natural History, 39(1), pp 16-26
Barrington, R.M. (1906). ‘Edward Williams. Born 8th May, 1848. Died 15th December, 1905’, The Irish Naturalist, 15(2), pp 21-26.
de Courcy, C. (2010). ‘Trevelyan’s Rhinoceros and other gifts from India to Dublin Zoo’, History Ireland, 18(4), pp 14-16
Glennon, R. (1833). ‘Gleanings of Natural History in Ireland no. V.’ Dublin Penny Journal, 1(32) pp 332-334
Glennon, R. (1847). ‘On the discovery of the bones of extinct deer, &c, at Lough Gur in the County of Limerick.’ The Zoologist, 5: 1589-1593
Murphy, S. (2008). ‘They’re not going to change it, are they? The Museum of Natural History Dublin as Material Culture’, Circa, 124, pp 42-47
Williams, A. (1908). ‘Wild Bird Protection in Co. Dublin’, The Irish Naturalist, 17(6), pp 119-22
Directories
Belfast Alphabetical Directory 1831
Belfast and Province of Ulster Directory 1858-1859, 1866, 1890, 1892
Belfast Directory 1887
Guy’s Directory of Munster, 1883, 1893, 1897, 1903 Cork: Guy & Co Ltd.
Martin’s Belfast Directory 1839, 1835-1836
New Commercial Directory 1840
Slater’s National Commercial Directory of Cork City and County, 1881
Thom, A.(1866). Thom’s Irish Almanack and Official Directory for the year 1866. Dublin: Alexander Thom & Co.
Thom, A. (1883).Thom's Irish Almanac and Official Directory of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Dublin: Alexander Thom & Co.
Wilson’s Dublin Directory, for the year 1830. Dublin: W.Corbet
R.D.S Proceedings
Royal Dublin Society, Proceedings 1831-1866, RDS. [online]. Available at: https://digitalarchive.rds.ie/items/show/273 [accessed December 2022]
Interviews
O’Connell, C. (2022), Interview with Nigel Monaghan, 27 October.
O’Connell, C. (2022), Interview with Sherra Murphy, 2 November.
Web pages and other online sources
Haughey, K. (2016). Introducing the Glennon Diorama & The Glennon Family Tree. [online]. Available at:
https://glennondiorama.wordpress.com/page/2/ [accessed December 2022].
Hobbs, J. (2022). First Irish Records 1800-2010. S.l. [online]. Available at:
https://www.southdublinbirds.com/notes/notes/firstIrish1800-2010-v.1.7(JH).pdf [accessed November 2022].
National Archives of Ireland, Census of Ireland 1901/1911 and Census fragments and substitutes, 1821-51 [online]. Available at:
http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/ [accessed December 2022].
Rohu, C. and Rohu, V. (no date). Rohu Family History [online]. Available at:
https://rohuhistory.weebly.com/index.html [accessed December 2022].
Rohu, A. (1943), Interview with Radio Eireann (online). Available at:
https://rohuhistory.weebly.com/uploads/1/6/4/7/16476080/alfred_rohu_interview-1.pdf [accessed December 2022].
RTE News (1983). RTE 1 Television, 11 July [online]. Available at:
https://www.rte.ie/archives/2018/0628/973940-top-class-taxidermy/ [accessed December 2022].
Pavid, Katie (no date), Why is taxidermy still valuable? [online]. Available at: https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/why-is-taxidermy-still-valuable.html [accessed December 2022].
Archival Sources
F.R. Rohu (1888)- correspondence with Robert Scharff, May 3. Held in National Museum of Ireland- Collections Resource Centre, Swords, Co. Dublin.
Rohu, F.R, Sheals, J. and Williams, W. in Museum Specimens sent to Taxidermists 1887-1949. Held in National Museum of Ireland- Collections Resource Centre, Swords, Co. Dublin.
Rohu, F.R, Sheals, J. and Williams, W. in Stuffing Specimens etc, 1888-1909. Held in National Museum of Ireland- Collections Resource Centre, Swords, Co. Dublin.
Rohu, F.R, Sheals, J. and Williams, W. in Stuffing Specimens 1910-1923. Held in National Museum of Ireland- Collections Resource Centre, Swords, Co. Dublin.
Record Books 1839-40. Held in National Museum of Ireland- Collections Resource Centre, Swords, Co. Dublin.
Theses/Dissertations
Connolly, A. (2017), Dead Décor: The Design History and Material Culture of Ireland’s Taxidermy Industry in the Late Nineteenth Century, 1870-1910. Thesis,Dissertation, NCAD