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THE IRISH TAXIDERMY INDUSTRY, 1800- 1940         

ABSTRACT

The 19th century saw what could be described as a 'golden age' in the study of natural sciences. Complimented by the emergence of the modern museum and a revolution in methods of preservation, taxidermy became a sizeable industry which has remained unequalled since. Ireland was no exception to this trend and a main aim of this research project was to determine the scale of the industry on the island as a whole, as well as exploring its enduring legacy in Ireland to this day. There has been very little research into this topic and it was my main aim to discover and explore the work of some of the older firms especially- coming across names previously lost to history- as well as examining in detail the work of one of the better known taxidermy businesses in Ireland, Williams & Son of Dublin. 

WORKS CITED

Books

 

Eastoe, J. (2012). The Art of Taxidermy. London: Pavillion Books

 

Foster, J. W. (ed.), (1997). Nature in Ireland: A Scientific & Cultural History. Dublin: Lilliput Press

 

Ledbetter, G. T. (2010) , Privilege & Poverty: The Life & Times of Artist & Naturalist Alexander Williams RHA. Cork: The Collins Press

 

McKee, M. (1983), James Sheals: Naturalist & Taxidermist. The Story of Victorian and Edwardian Taxidermy. Belfast: The Ulster Museum

 

Murphy, S. (2021), The First National Museum: Dublin’s Natural History Museum in the Mid- Nineteenth Century, Cork: University Press 

 

Patten, C.J. (1906), The Aquatic Birds of Great Britain and Ireland, London: RH Porter

 

Praeger, R.L. (1949), Some Irish Naturalists. Dundalk: Dundalgan Press

*  The edition of this text kept by the National Museum of Ireland Library contains a selection of handwritten notes at the end detailing briefly some more obscure figures. This is where I gained valuable information relating to former in-house taxidermists Robert Pride and J.N. Halbert.

 

Richardson, H.D (1846) Facts Concerning the natural history, &c, of the gigantic Irish deer, (cervus giganteus hibernicus), Dublin

 

Watters, J.J. (1853), The Natural History of the Birds of Ireland, Indigenous & Migratory, Dublin: J.McGlashan

Catalogues

 

Anonymous (1853), Official Catalogue of the Great Industrial Exhibition (in connection with the Royal Dublin Society), Dublin: John Falconer

 

Journal Articles

 

Adelman, J.(2005). ‘Evolution on Display: Promoting Irish Natural History and Darwinism at the Science & Art Museum, Dublin’, The British Journal for the History of Science, 38(4), pp 411-436

 

Adelman, J. (2010). ‘An insight into commercial natural history: Richard Glennon, William Hinchy and the nineteenth-century trade in giant Irish deer remains’, Archives of Natural History, 39(1), pp 16-26

 

Barrington, R.M. (1906). ‘Edward Williams. Born 8th May, 1848. Died 15th December, 1905’, The Irish Naturalist, 15(2), pp 21-26.

 

de Courcy, C. (2010). ‘Trevelyan’s Rhinoceros and other gifts from India to Dublin Zoo’, History Ireland, 18(4), pp 14-16

 

Glennon, R. (1833). ‘Gleanings of Natural History in Ireland no. V.’ Dublin Penny Journal, 1(32) pp 332-334

 

Glennon, R. (1847). ‘On the discovery of the bones of extinct deer, &c, at Lough Gur in the County of Limerick.’ The Zoologist, 5: 1589-1593

 

Murphy, S. (2008). ‘They’re not going to change it, are they? The Museum of Natural History Dublin as Material Culture’, Circa, 124, pp 42-47

 

Williams, A. (1908). ‘Wild Bird Protection in Co. Dublin’, The Irish Naturalist, 17(6), pp 119-22

 

Directories

 

Belfast Alphabetical Directory 1831

 

Belfast and Province of Ulster Directory 1858-1859, 1866, 1890, 1892

 

Belfast Directory 1887

 

Guy’s Directory of Munster, 1883, 1893, 1897, 1903 Cork: Guy & Co Ltd.

 

Martin’s Belfast Directory 1839, 1835-1836

 

New Commercial Directory 1840

 

Slater’s National Commercial Directory of Cork City and County, 1881

 

Thom, A.(1866). Thom’s Irish Almanack and Official Directory for the year 1866. Dublin: Alexander Thom & Co.

 

Thom, A. (1883).Thom's Irish Almanac and Official Directory of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Dublin: Alexander Thom & Co.

 

Wilson’s Dublin Directory, for the year 1830. Dublin: W.Corbet


 

R.D.S Proceedings

 

Royal Dublin Society, Proceedings 1831-1866, RDS. [online]. Available at: https://digitalarchive.rds.ie/items/show/273 [accessed December 2022]

 

Interviews

 

O’Connell, C. (2022), Interview with Nigel Monaghan, 27 October.

O’Connell, C. (2022), Interview with Sherra Murphy, 2 November.

 

Web pages and other online sources

 

Haughey, K. (2016). Introducing the Glennon Diorama & The Glennon Family Tree. [online]. Available at: 

https://glennondiorama.wordpress.com/page/2/ [accessed December 2022].

 

Hobbs, J. (2022). First Irish Records 1800-2010. S.l. [online]. Available at:

https://www.southdublinbirds.com/notes/notes/firstIrish1800-2010-v.1.7(JH).pdf [accessed November 2022]. 

 

National Archives of Ireland, Census of Ireland 1901/1911 and Census fragments and substitutes, 1821-51 [online]. Available at:

http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/ [accessed December 2022].

 

Rohu, C. and Rohu, V. (no date).  Rohu Family History [online]. Available at:

https://rohuhistory.weebly.com/index.html [accessed December 2022].

 

Rohu, A. (1943), Interview with Radio Eireann (online). Available at: 

https://rohuhistory.weebly.com/uploads/1/6/4/7/16476080/alfred_rohu_interview-1.pdf [accessed December 2022].

 

RTE News (1983). RTE 1 Television, 11 July [online]. Available at:

https://www.rte.ie/archives/2018/0628/973940-top-class-taxidermy/ [accessed December 2022].

 

Pavid, Katie (no date), Why is taxidermy still valuable? [online]. Available at: https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/why-is-taxidermy-still-valuable.html [accessed December 2022].

 

Archival Sources

 

F.R. Rohu (1888)- correspondence with Robert Scharff, May 3. Held in National Museum of Ireland- Collections Resource Centre, Swords, Co. Dublin.

 

Rohu, F.R, Sheals, J. and Williams, W. in Museum Specimens sent to Taxidermists 1887-1949. Held in National Museum of Ireland- Collections Resource Centre, Swords, Co. Dublin.


Rohu, F.R, Sheals, J. and Williams, W. in Stuffing Specimens etc, 1888-1909. Held in National Museum of Ireland- Collections Resource Centre, Swords, Co. Dublin.

 

Rohu, F.R, Sheals, J. and Williams, W. in Stuffing Specimens 1910-1923. Held in National Museum of Ireland- Collections Resource Centre, Swords, Co. Dublin.

 

Record Books 1839-40. Held in National Museum of Ireland- Collections Resource Centre, Swords, Co. Dublin.


Theses/Dissertations

Connolly, A. (2017), Dead Décor: The Design History and Material Culture of Ireland’s Taxidermy Industry in the Late Nineteenth Century, 1870-1910. Thesis,Dissertation, NCAD 

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